Para ruminar

Every industrial and commercial centre in England possesses a working class divided into two hostile camps, English proletarians and Irish proletarians. The ordinary English worker hates the Irish worker as a competitor who lowers his standard of life. In relation to the Irish worker he feels himself a member of the ruling nation and so turns himself into a tool of the aristocrats and capitalists of his country against Ireland, thus strengthening their domination over himself. He cherishes religious, social, and national prejudices against the Irish worker. His attitude towards him is much the same as that of the ‘poor whites’ to the ‘niggers’ in the former slave states of the USA. The Irishman pays him back with interest in his own money. He sees in the English worker at once the tool of the English rule in Ireland.

This antagonism is artificially intensified by the press, the pulpit, the comic papers, in short by all the means at the disposal of the ruling classes. This antagonism is the secret of the impotence of the English working class, despite its organisation. It is the secret by which the capitalist class maintains its power. And that class is fully aware of it.

Marx, K. & Engels, F. (1965) Selected correspondence. Moscow: Progress Publishers, pp. 236-7.

Carpaccio de Hoggart

For most, self-love produces constant anxiety about one's place. So we pick up early, and go on acquiring, multiple signs of where we are and where we should by now like to be, and beyond. The entanglements are immense and affect home, neighbours, friends, professional colleagues, almost everyone we meet.

Hoggart, Richard (2005) Promises to Keep. Thoughts in Old Age. London & New York: Continuum, p. 81.